{"id":22391,"date":"2025-12-11T10:42:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T10:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/?page_id=22391"},"modified":"2026-01-11T19:22:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-11T19:22:31","slug":"thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/","title":{"rendered":"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-start=\"185\" data-end=\"395\">GROUND\u00a0 \u2013 Condition Requiring Removal of the Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room Door is Ultra Vires, Irrational, Contrary to Safety and Safeguarding Duties, previous established tribunal decisions and Must Be Struck Out<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"971\">It is submitted at the outset that the condition requiring removal of the thumb-turn lock from the communal living room door is <strong data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"632\">not dictated by any safety requirement whatsoever<\/strong>\u2014not by fire safety law, not by tenant safety duties, not by statutory standards, and not by any recognised national guidance. As the detailed grounds below demonstrate, the condition has <strong data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"969\">no legislative basis, no technical justification, no support in industry practice, and no factual grounding in the circumstances of this property<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1469\">Crucially, this type of overreaching condition has <strong data-start=\"1024\" data-end=\"1096\">already been struck off by the First-tier Tribunal in previous cases<\/strong> where councils attempted identical forms of regulatory overreach, including the well-established authorities such as <em data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1232\">Leeds CC v Hanif<\/em>, <em data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1263\">Stoke-on-Trent CC v Mohamed<\/em>, and the <strong data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1310\">FTT London 2019 lock-removal case<\/strong>, all of which reaffirm that a licensing authority <strong data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1466\">cannot exceed its statutory remit or create conditions unsupported by legislation or safety necessity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1471\" data-end=\"1798\">In short, this is <strong data-start=\"1489\" data-end=\"1522\">not a safety-driven condition<\/strong>, but an <strong data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1606\">irrational, ultra vires, and previously repudiated attempt at overreach<\/strong>, wholly inconsistent with the statutory purpose of ss.64\u201367 Housing Act 2004. For these reasons, and those set out in detail below, the condition cannot lawfully stand and must be struck out.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"397\" data-end=\"411\">1. Summary<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"440\">The licence condition that:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"580\">\n<p data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"580\">\u201cThe lock shall be removed from the ground floor front living room door so that the room can be accessed at all times by all occupiers\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"585\">is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"1519\">\n<li data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"671\">\n<p data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"671\"><strong data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"611\">Outside the powers<\/strong> conferred by ss.64 and 67 Housing Act 2004 (ultra vires);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"753\">\n<p data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"753\"><strong data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"729\">Unsupported by any primary or secondary legislation<\/strong> or national guidance;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"821\">\n<p data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"821\"><strong data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"794\">Contrary to the legislative scheme<\/strong> for fire safety in HMOs;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"822\" data-end=\"977\">\n<p data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"977\"><strong data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"895\">Positively dangerous from a safeguarding and management perspective<\/strong>, by removing a proven protective measure against violence, noise, and disorder;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"1131\">\n<p data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1131\"><strong data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1029\">Inconsistent with the council\u2019s own standards<\/strong>, which treat several ground\/first-floor rooms as interchangeable between communal and sleeping use;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1227\">\n<p data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1227\"><strong data-start=\"1134\" data-end=\"1180\">Operationally and structurally impractical<\/strong>, given the door\u2019s status as a fire door; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1519\">\n<p data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1519\"><strong data-start=\"1230\" data-end=\"1270\">Incompatible with Tribunal authority<\/strong>, including decisions such as <a href=\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/10_Uxendon_Hill_Decision.pdf\">10_Uxendon_Hill_Decision<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1521\" data-end=\"1611\">The Tribunal is therefore respectfully asked to <strong data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1610\">delete this condition in its entirety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1613\" data-end=\"1616\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1661\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1661\"><\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1661\">2. Legislative and Regulatory Framework<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1727\">The management and regulation of HMOs are governed primarily by:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"2075\">\n<li data-start=\"1729\" data-end=\"1754\">\n<p data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1754\"><strong data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1751\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1755\" data-end=\"1869\">\n<p data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1869\"><strong data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1835\">The Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/strong> (\u201cHMO Management Regulations\u201d);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"2015\">\n<p data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"2015\"><strong data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"2008\">The Licensing and Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation and Other Houses (Miscellaneous Provisions) (England) Regulations 2006<\/strong>; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2075\">\n<p data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2075\">The national <strong data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2074\">LACORS Fire Safety Guidance (July 2008)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2092\">Key provisions:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2094\" data-end=\"3880\">\n<li data-start=\"2094\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<p data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2147\"><strong data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2145\">Regulation 4 HMO Management Regulations 2006<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<li data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2233\">\n<p data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2233\"><strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2165\">Reg 4(1)<\/strong>: duty to keep means of escape from fire in good order and repair.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2325\">\n<p data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2325\"><strong data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2251\">Reg 4(2)<\/strong>: duty to keep fire-fighting equipment and alarms in good working order.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2521\">\n<p data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2521\"><strong data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2343\">Reg 4(3)<\/strong>: duty to \u201ctake such measures as are reasonably required to protect the occupiers of the HMO from injury\u201d, having regard to design, structural conditions and number of occupiers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2523\" data-end=\"2846\">\n<p data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2583\"><strong data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2581\">Licensing Miscellaneous Provisions 2006, Schedule 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2587\" data-end=\"2846\">\n<li data-start=\"2587\" data-end=\"2714\">\n<p data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2714\">Requires that <strong data-start=\"2603\" data-end=\"2711\">all doors on escape routes can be opened easily and immediately from the inside without the use of a key<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2718\" data-end=\"2846\">\n<p data-start=\"2720\" data-end=\"2846\">In practice, this is satisfied by <strong data-start=\"2754\" data-end=\"2796\">thumb-turn or other keyless mechanisms<\/strong> fitted to doors forming part of the escape route.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2848\" data-end=\"3194\">\n<p data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2887\"><strong data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2885\">Housing Act 2004, ss.64 and 67<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"3194\">\n<li data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"3025\">\n<p data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"3025\">s.64(3)(a): a licence may only be granted (or made suitable) by conditions that make the HMO \u201creasonably suitable\u201d for occupation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3029\" data-end=\"3194\">\n<p data-start=\"3031\" data-end=\"3194\">s.67(1): conditions may relate to <strong data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3119\">management, use, occupation, condition or contents<\/strong>, but must be <strong data-start=\"3133\" data-end=\"3164\">necessary and proportionate<\/strong> to secure suitability\/safety.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3196\" data-end=\"3619\">\n<p data-start=\"3199\" data-end=\"3283\"><strong data-start=\"3199\" data-end=\"3250\">Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS)<\/strong> \u2013 Schedule 1, Housing Act 2004<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3287\" data-end=\"3619\">\n<li data-start=\"3287\" data-end=\"3619\">\n<p data-start=\"3289\" data-end=\"3320\">Recognises hazards including:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3326\" data-end=\"3619\">\n<li data-start=\"3326\" data-end=\"3353\">\n<p data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3353\"><strong data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3350\">Crowding and space<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3359\" data-end=\"3395\">\n<p data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3395\"><strong data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3370\">Noise<\/strong> and sleep disturbance;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3444\">\n<p data-start=\"3403\" data-end=\"3444\"><strong data-start=\"3403\" data-end=\"3441\">Domestic hygiene, pests and refuse<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3450\" data-end=\"3478\">\n<p data-start=\"3452\" data-end=\"3478\"><strong data-start=\"3452\" data-end=\"3475\">Collision and falls<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3575\">\n<p data-start=\"3486\" data-end=\"3575\"><strong data-start=\"3486\" data-end=\"3572\">Psychological harm and personal injury from assault, threats and domestic violence<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3619\">\n<p data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3619\"><strong data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3618\">Infectious disease transmission<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3621\" data-end=\"3880\">\n<p data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3650\"><strong data-start=\"3624\" data-end=\"3648\">Public law principle<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3880\">\n<li data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3880\">\n<p data-start=\"3656\" data-end=\"3880\">Public bodies must act within their statutory powers: <em data-start=\"3710\" data-end=\"3784\">R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Fire Brigades Union<\/em> [1995] 2 AC 513. They cannot invent new prohibitions or powers that Parliament has not created.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"3882\" data-end=\"3885\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3931\">3. Application to the Communal Room Door<\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"3933\" data-end=\"3973\">3.1 Compliance with Fire-Safety Law<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3975\" data-end=\"4023\">There is <strong data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"4010\">no express prohibition<\/strong> anywhere in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4025\" data-end=\"4170\">\n<li data-start=\"4025\" data-end=\"4050\">\n<p data-start=\"4027\" data-end=\"4050\">the Housing Act 2004;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4051\" data-end=\"4091\">\n<p data-start=\"4053\" data-end=\"4091\">the HMO Management Regulations 2006;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4143\">\n<p data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4143\">the Licensing Miscellaneous Provisions 2006; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4170\">\n<p data-start=\"4146\" data-end=\"4170\">any associated guidance,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4172\" data-end=\"4237\">against fitting a <strong data-start=\"4190\" data-end=\"4198\">lock<\/strong> on a <strong data-start=\"4204\" data-end=\"4226\">communal room door<\/strong>, provided:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4376\">\n<li data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4302\">\n<p data-start=\"4241\" data-end=\"4302\">the door <strong data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4295\">is not part of the protected escape route<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4376\">\n<p data-start=\"4305\" data-end=\"4376\">the lock allows <strong data-start=\"4321\" data-end=\"4355\">keyless egress from the inside<\/strong> (e.g. a thumb-turn).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4378\" data-end=\"4661\">The <strong data-start=\"4382\" data-end=\"4418\">LACORS Fire Safety Guidance 2008<\/strong> confirms that locking mechanisms on doors\u2014including bedroom doors\u2014are acceptable where they are <strong data-start=\"4515\" data-end=\"4557\">operable without a key from the inside<\/strong>. Its focus is on ensuring occupants can escape in an emergency; it does <strong data-start=\"4630\" data-end=\"4637\">not<\/strong> object to locks per se.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4663\" data-end=\"4700\">The communal living room in question:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4702\" data-end=\"4889\">\n<li data-start=\"4702\" data-end=\"4742\">\n<p data-start=\"4704\" data-end=\"4742\">is <strong data-start=\"4707\" data-end=\"4739\">not part of the escape route<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4743\" data-end=\"4808\">\n<p data-start=\"4745\" data-end=\"4808\">does <strong data-start=\"4750\" data-end=\"4757\">not<\/strong> have to be passed through to leave the building;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4809\" data-end=\"4889\">\n<p data-start=\"4811\" data-end=\"4889\">is fitted with a <strong data-start=\"4828\" data-end=\"4847\">thumb-turn lock<\/strong>, permitting immediate exit without a key.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4891\" data-end=\"5038\">Therefore, the door and lock are <strong data-start=\"4924\" data-end=\"4943\">fully compliant<\/strong> with the statutory fire-safety obligations. The condition does not improve fire safety at all.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"5040\" data-end=\"5093\">3.2 No Statutory Prohibition, No Statutory Power<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5103\">Because:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5105\" data-end=\"5349\">\n<li data-start=\"5105\" data-end=\"5176\">\n<p data-start=\"5107\" data-end=\"5176\">there is <strong data-start=\"5116\" data-end=\"5146\">no legislative prohibition<\/strong> on locks to communal rooms;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5177\" data-end=\"5242\">\n<p data-start=\"5179\" data-end=\"5242\">the lock plainly <strong data-start=\"5196\" data-end=\"5235\">complies with fire egress standards<\/strong>; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5243\" data-end=\"5349\">\n<p data-start=\"5245\" data-end=\"5349\">Parliament <strong data-start=\"5256\" data-end=\"5310\">has not granted local authorities a specific power<\/strong> to ban or remove such compliant locks,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5351\" data-end=\"5456\">any attempt to prohibit or require removal of this lock is <strong data-start=\"5410\" data-end=\"5441\">beyond the council\u2019s powers<\/strong> (ultra vires).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5518\">Under basic public-law principles, a local authority cannot:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5520\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<li data-start=\"5520\" data-end=\"5580\">\n<p data-start=\"5522\" data-end=\"5580\">treat something as unlawful which legislation allows; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5581\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<p data-start=\"5583\" data-end=\"5680\">compel a landlord to remove a lawful safety\/management measure without clear statutory authority.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5682\" data-end=\"5828\">Any enforcement of this demand by way of licence condition is therefore <strong data-start=\"5754\" data-end=\"5784\">squarely open to challenge<\/strong>, which is what the Applicant is doing here.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"448\">4. History and Complete Lack of Precedent (Including the Previous Licence for This Property)<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"647\">The thumb-turn lock on the communal living room door has been in place for <strong data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"539\">many years<\/strong>, well prior to <strong data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"563\">2009<\/strong>, and has existed <strong data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"608\">openly and continuously<\/strong> throughout multiple licensing periods.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"677\">During this extended period:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"924\">\n<li data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"772\">\n<p data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"772\">the property has been <strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"738\">inspected on numerous occasions<\/strong> by the City of Lincoln Council;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"849\">\n<p data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"849\">the property has been <strong data-start=\"797\" data-end=\"820\">previously licensed<\/strong> by the same authority; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"924\">\n<p data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"924\"><strong data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"884\">no objection was ever raised<\/strong> to the presence of the thumb-turn lock.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1254\"><strong data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"1090\">Critically, the previous HMO licence for 63 Canwick Road contained no condition requiring the removal of the thumb-turn lock from the communal living room door.<\/strong> That licence is <strong data-start=\"1107\" data-end=\"1140\">attached to these proceedings<\/strong>, and its terms speak for themselves. The absence of any such condition is not disputed and is a matter of record.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1487\">No predecessor officer requested the removal, modification, or alteration of the lock during any inspection, renewal, or compliance visit. The arrangement was plainly treated by the Council as <strong data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1486\">lawful, compliant, and acceptable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1489\" data-end=\"1824\">This is not an isolated omission. The same position applies across <strong data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1582\">all other HMO licences<\/strong> issued to the Applicant, whether by the City of Lincoln Council or by other local authorities. <strong data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1824\">No licence held by the Applicant has ever included a condition requiring the removal of a compliant thumb-turn lock from a communal room door.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1826\" data-end=\"1885\">This uniform and consistent absence is legally significant.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1887\" data-end=\"1916\">There is <strong data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"1912\">no precedent<\/strong> in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2146\">\n<li data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1943\">\n<p data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"1943\">the Housing Act 2004;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1944\" data-end=\"2023\">\n<p data-start=\"1946\" data-end=\"2023\">the Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2024\" data-end=\"2077\">\n<p data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2077\">national fire-safety guidance (including LACORS);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2116\">\n<p data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2116\">Tribunal or appellate case law; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2117\" data-end=\"2146\">\n<p data-start=\"2119\" data-end=\"2146\">accepted industry practice,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2280\">that requires or even suggests the removal of a <strong data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2246\">fire-compliant, keyless-egress thumb-turn lock<\/strong> from a communal living room door.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2282\" data-end=\"2712\">A review of Tribunal decisions reveals only one limited category where lock modification has been required: <strong data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2455\">where a lock directly obstructed a designated means of escape<\/strong>, such as where escape depended on passing through a locked room and exiting via a window. That situation does <strong data-start=\"2566\" data-end=\"2573\">not<\/strong> arise here. The communal living room is <strong data-start=\"2614\" data-end=\"2646\">not part of the escape route<\/strong>, and the lock allows <strong data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"2711\">immediate exit without the use of a key<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2714\" data-end=\"2911\">Accordingly, the Council is not enforcing an established statutory requirement or recognised safety standard. It is attempting something <strong data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2869\">entirely novel<\/strong>: demanding the removal of a lock that is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"3139\">\n<li data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"2940\">\n<p data-start=\"2915\" data-end=\"2940\"><strong data-start=\"2915\" data-end=\"2937\">lawfully installed<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2941\" data-end=\"2999\">\n<p data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2999\"><strong data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2992\">fully compliant with fire-safety requirements<\/strong>; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3000\" data-end=\"3139\">\n<p data-start=\"3002\" data-end=\"3139\"><strong data-start=\"3002\" data-end=\"3043\">long-standing and repeatedly accepted<\/strong>, including under the <strong data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3108\">previous licence for this very property<\/strong>, which is before the Tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3141\" data-end=\"3534\">The absence of this condition from the previous licence for 63 Canwick Road, now formally evidenced in the attached documents, and from all other licences held by the Applicant, is not accidental. It reflects the legal reality that <strong data-start=\"3373\" data-end=\"3425\">no statutory power exists to mandate its removal<\/strong>. Authorities have not imposed this condition historically because <strong data-start=\"3492\" data-end=\"3533\">the law does not permit them to do so<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3740\">This history alone provides a <strong data-start=\"3566\" data-end=\"3614\">separate, independent, and compelling ground<\/strong> on which the impugned condition is <strong data-start=\"3650\" data-end=\"3693\">unlawful, inconsistent, and ultra vires<\/strong>, and must therefore be <strong data-start=\"3717\" data-end=\"3739\">struck out in full<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6752\" data-end=\"6755\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"532\">5 \u2013 Safeguarding, Violence Risk, and the Thumb-Turn Lock as a Required Protective Measure<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"603\">5.1 Shared HMOs Have Foreseeable Violence Risks Recognised in Law<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"1189\">Shared Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMOs) are a defined housing category under the <strong data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"710\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>. The Act introduced the <strong data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"786\">Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS)<\/strong>, a <strong data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"820\">risk-based evaluation tool<\/strong> that local authorities must use to <strong data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"927\">identify and protect against potential hazards to health and safety<\/strong> in dwellings, including harm from <strong data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"974\">violence<\/strong> and its psychological effects. The HHSRS was introduced precisely to ensure landlords and authorities look at <strong data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1123\">likelihood and severity of hazards<\/strong>, not just defects on paper.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1234\">As the official government guidance states:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1510\">\n<p data-start=\"1238\" data-end=\"1510\">\u201cThe housing health and safety rating system (HHSRS) is a risk-based evaluation tool \u2026 to help local authorities identify and protect against potential risks and hazards to health and safety from deficiencies identified in dwellings.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1657\">Violence and fear of violence \u2014 including assault, psychological harm and intimidation \u2014 are expressly within the <em data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1633\">scope<\/em> of the HHSRS framework.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1659\" data-end=\"1947\">In shared living environments such as HMOs, <strong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1830\">tenant-on-tenant aggression and incidents with elements of coercive, threatening or violent behaviour are a recognised risk<\/strong> in operational practice. Women are <strong data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"1897\">disproportionately affected<\/strong> by such risks in shared accommodation nationwide.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1952\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"2037\">5.2 Thumb-Turn Locks Allow Immediate Refuge; Real Incidents Confirm Their Value<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2380\">This risk is not abstract. In properties including <strong data-start=\"2090\" data-end=\"2109\">63 Canwick Road<\/strong>, there have been <strong data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2145\">real incidents<\/strong> where a female occupant, facing imminent risk of harm from an assailant, was able to <strong data-start=\"2231\" data-end=\"2307\">retreat into a communal room and secure the door using a thumb-turn lock<\/strong>, providing critical time to de-escalate the situation and call for help.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2664\">Across HMOs throughout the UK, responsible landlords recognise that communal rooms which can be <strong data-start=\"2478\" data-end=\"2532\">temporarily secured using keyless thumb-turn locks<\/strong> serve as <strong data-start=\"2542\" data-end=\"2597\">immediate places of refuge in moments of acute risk<\/strong>. This is a well-established practice, reflecting the reality that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2666\" data-end=\"2815\">\n<li data-start=\"2666\" data-end=\"2707\">\n<p data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"2707\">violence risks can escalate suddenly,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2754\">\n<p data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2754\">bedrooms may not always be accessible, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2755\" data-end=\"2815\">\n<p data-start=\"2757\" data-end=\"2815\">a neutral, communal \u201csafe space\u201d can prevent serious harm.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2817\" data-end=\"2951\">This type of provision is widely accepted in HMO operations nationally because it protects occupants at their most vulnerable moments.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2953\" data-end=\"2956\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2958\" data-end=\"3037\">5.3 Landlords Are Legally Required to Take Reasonable Protective Measures<\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"3038\" data-end=\"3132\"><em data-start=\"3043\" data-end=\"3115\">Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/em>, Regulation 4(3)<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3134\" data-end=\"3297\">The <strong data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3212\">Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/strong> impose a <strong data-start=\"3222\" data-end=\"3249\">positive statutory duty<\/strong> on HMO managers to protect occupiers from harm.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3299\" data-end=\"3329\">As set out in the Regulations:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"3331\" data-end=\"3550\">\n<p data-start=\"3333\" data-end=\"3550\"><strong data-start=\"3333\" data-end=\"3353\">Regulation 4(3):<\/strong> <em data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3512\">\u201cA person managing a house in multiple occupation must \u2026 take all such measures as are reasonably required to protect the occupiers of the HMO from injury.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"3552\" data-end=\"3672\">A keyless thumb-turn lock on a communal room used for refuge is exactly such a <strong data-start=\"3631\" data-end=\"3671\">reasonable and proportionate measure<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3674\" data-end=\"3912\">\n<li data-start=\"3674\" data-end=\"3737\">\n<p data-start=\"3676\" data-end=\"3737\">it provides a <strong data-start=\"3690\" data-end=\"3714\">temporary safe space<\/strong> when risk is imminent;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3738\" data-end=\"3820\">\n<p data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3820\">it does <strong data-start=\"3748\" data-end=\"3769\">not impede escape<\/strong> (because it does not require a key to exit), and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3912\">\n<p data-start=\"3823\" data-end=\"3912\">it is a <strong data-start=\"3831\" data-end=\"3857\">proportionate response<\/strong> to foreseeable violence risks in shared accommodation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3914\" data-end=\"4103\">Refusing to allow this protective measure <strong data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"3988\">makes the property less safe<\/strong>, potentially placing the landlord in breach of Regulation 4(3) should harm occur that might have been preventable.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4105\" data-end=\"4108\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4110\" data-end=\"4183\">5.4 The Licensing Regime Itself Reinforces Safety and Risk Assessment<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4185\" data-end=\"4523\">The licensing scheme under the <strong data-start=\"4216\" data-end=\"4236\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong> requires that conditions imposed be <strong data-start=\"4273\" data-end=\"4301\">relevant and appropriate<\/strong> to the management, occupation and use of the property. The Act\u2019s criteria prioritise the reduction of health and safety risks in HMOs \u2014 not the removal of measures that mitigate them.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4525\" data-end=\"4859\">When authorities apply conditions, they must consider risk frameworks (such as HHSRS), existing statutory duties (such as Regulation 4(3)), and operational realities. A condition that removes a known protective measure <strong data-start=\"4744\" data-end=\"4773\">increases hazard exposure<\/strong> instead of reducing it, undermining both statutory purpose and sound risk assessment.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4861\" data-end=\"4864\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4866\" data-end=\"4937\">5.5 Fire Safety Guidance Does Not Prohibit Keyless Thumb-Turn Locks<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4939\" data-end=\"5383\">There is <strong data-start=\"4948\" data-end=\"4966\">no prohibition<\/strong> in fire safety law (e.g., the <strong data-start=\"4997\" data-end=\"5043\">Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005<\/strong>) that forbids thumb-turn locks on internal doors where keyless escape is maintained. National fire-safety guidance often emphasises safe means of escape and advises against anything that restricts exit \u2014 precisely the requirement met by <strong data-start=\"5281\" data-end=\"5309\">keyless thumb-turn locks<\/strong>. Providing them therefore aligns with accepted fire safety understanding.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5385\" data-end=\"5388\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5390\" data-end=\"5438\">5.6 Equality and Safeguarding Considerations<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5440\" data-end=\"5789\">Women, statistically and in lived experience, face <strong data-start=\"5491\" data-end=\"5545\">heightened vulnerability to assault and harassment<\/strong> in shared accommodation. Removing an effective safeguarding feature that mitigates that risk risks running afoul of the <strong data-start=\"5666\" data-end=\"5687\">Equality Act 2010<\/strong>, section 149 (the Public Sector Equality Duty), which requires decision-makers to have due regard to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5791\" data-end=\"5975\">\n<li data-start=\"5791\" data-end=\"5831\">\n<p data-start=\"5793\" data-end=\"5831\">eliminating unlawful discrimination,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5832\" data-end=\"5874\">\n<p data-start=\"5834\" data-end=\"5874\">advancing equality of opportunity, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5875\" data-end=\"5975\">\n<p data-start=\"5877\" data-end=\"5975\">fostering good relations between persons who share protected characteristics and those who do not.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5977\" data-end=\"6161\">By stripping away a protective measure disproportionately beneficial to female occupants without sound evidence or lawful basis, the authority fails to give due regard to these duties.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6163\" data-end=\"6166\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6168\" data-end=\"6255\">5.7 Conclusion \u2014 The Condition Is Positively Contrary to Law and Must Be Struck Out<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6257\" data-end=\"6457\">For the reasons set out above \u2014 grounded in statutory duties, recognised risk frameworks, and operational reality \u2014 the lock-removal condition is <strong data-start=\"6403\" data-end=\"6456\">not only unsupported by law; it is contrary to it<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6459\" data-end=\"6476\">A condition that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6478\" data-end=\"7069\">\n<li data-start=\"6478\" data-end=\"6535\">\n<p data-start=\"6480\" data-end=\"6535\">removes a known and proportionate protective measure;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6536\" data-end=\"6585\">\n<p data-start=\"6538\" data-end=\"6585\">increases, rather than reduces, risk of harm;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6586\" data-end=\"6863\">\n<p data-start=\"6588\" data-end=\"6863\">interferes with the manager\u2019s duty under <strong data-start=\"6629\" data-end=\"6648\">Regulation 4(3)<\/strong> of the <em data-start=\"6656\" data-end=\"6728\">Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/em> to \u201ctake all such measures as are reasonably required to protect the occupiers \u2026 from injury\u201d;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6866\" data-end=\"7001\">conflicts with the purpose of the <strong data-start=\"6900\" data-end=\"6920\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong> and the HHSRS risk-assessment framework;<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6478\" data-end=\"7069\">\n<li data-start=\"7002\" data-end=\"7069\">\n<p data-start=\"7004\" data-end=\"7069\">and undermines the Equality Act 2010 public-sector equality duty,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7071\" data-end=\"7093\">cannot lawfully stand.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7095\" data-end=\"7353\">There is <strong data-start=\"7104\" data-end=\"7130\">no statutory authority<\/strong> for imposing such a condition \u2014 and there <em data-start=\"7173\" data-end=\"7177\">is<\/em> statutory authority requiring safeguards against injury. For this reason alone, the condition is <strong data-start=\"7275\" data-end=\"7352\">ultra vires, unlawful in effect, and should be struck out in its entirety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7355\" data-end=\"7358\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"8594\" data-end=\"8597\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"8599\" data-end=\"8647\">6. Noise, Nuisance and Management of the HMO<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8649\" data-end=\"8707\">Noise and late-night nuisance are <strong data-start=\"8683\" data-end=\"8706\">classic HMO hazards<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8709\" data-end=\"8950\">\n<li data-start=\"8709\" data-end=\"8829\">\n<p data-start=\"8711\" data-end=\"8829\">Under HHSRS, <strong data-start=\"8724\" data-end=\"8755\">noise and sleep disturbance<\/strong> are recognised as hazards with real physical and psychological effects.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8830\" data-end=\"8950\">\n<p data-start=\"8832\" data-end=\"8950\">Uncontrolled use of communal spaces (e.g. all-night gatherings in the lounge) is a common source of tenant complaints.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"8952\" data-end=\"9060\">A thumb-turn lock on the communal door is a <strong data-start=\"8996\" data-end=\"9019\">key management tool<\/strong> which allows the landlord or manager to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9062\" data-end=\"9346\">\n<li data-start=\"9062\" data-end=\"9129\">\n<p data-start=\"9064\" data-end=\"9129\"><strong data-start=\"9064\" data-end=\"9100\">Restrict access at certain hours<\/strong>, particularly night times;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9130\" data-end=\"9194\">\n<p data-start=\"9132\" data-end=\"9194\"><strong data-start=\"9132\" data-end=\"9171\">Prevent late-night parties or noise<\/strong> that disturb others;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9195\" data-end=\"9247\">\n<p data-start=\"9197\" data-end=\"9247\"><strong data-start=\"9197\" data-end=\"9221\">Control overcrowding<\/strong> in the communal lounge;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9248\" data-end=\"9346\">\n<p data-start=\"9250\" data-end=\"9346\">Ensure that circulation spaces and escape routes <strong data-start=\"9299\" data-end=\"9321\">are not obstructed<\/strong> during large gatherings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"9348\" data-end=\"9378\">This is fully consistent with:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9380\" data-end=\"9648\">\n<li data-start=\"9380\" data-end=\"9455\">\n<p data-start=\"9382\" data-end=\"9455\"><strong data-start=\"9382\" data-end=\"9424\">Reg 4(1)(a) HMO Management Regulations<\/strong> \u2013 keeping common parts safe;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9456\" data-end=\"9511\">\n<p data-start=\"9458\" data-end=\"9511\"><strong data-start=\"9458\" data-end=\"9508\">HHSRS \u201cCrowding and Space\u201d and \u201cNoise\u201d hazards<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9512\" data-end=\"9648\">\n<p data-start=\"9514\" data-end=\"9648\">The landlord\u2019s general duty to take <strong data-start=\"9550\" data-end=\"9570\">reasonable steps<\/strong> to manage anti-social behaviour and protect the wellbeing of other occupiers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"9650\" data-end=\"9844\">Removing the lock would <strong data-start=\"9674\" data-end=\"9727\">remove a lawful and proportionate control measure<\/strong>, increase the risk of noise-related harm, and make compliance with Reg 4(3) and HHSRS duties <strong data-start=\"9821\" data-end=\"9843\">harder, not easier<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9846\" data-end=\"9849\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"9851\" data-end=\"9891\">7. Infection Control and Biosecurity<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9893\" data-end=\"10001\">The lock also has a role in <strong data-start=\"9921\" data-end=\"9942\">infection control<\/strong>, particularly in light of recent public-health experience:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10003\" data-end=\"10425\">\n<li data-start=\"10003\" data-end=\"10171\">\n<p data-start=\"10005\" data-end=\"10171\">In the event of a <strong data-start=\"10023\" data-end=\"10045\">contagious illness<\/strong> (e.g. norovirus, flu, COVID-type outbreak), communal rooms like kitchens or lounges can become <strong data-start=\"10141\" data-end=\"10168\">vectors of transmission<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10172\" data-end=\"10425\">\n<p data-start=\"10174\" data-end=\"10235\">A lock with controlled access allows the landlord\/manager to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10238\" data-end=\"10425\">\n<li data-start=\"10238\" data-end=\"10297\">\n<p data-start=\"10240\" data-end=\"10297\">Temporarily <strong data-start=\"10252\" data-end=\"10271\">restrict access<\/strong> to a contaminated room;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10300\" data-end=\"10363\">\n<p data-start=\"10302\" data-end=\"10363\">Facilitate <strong data-start=\"10313\" data-end=\"10360\">deep cleaning, pest control or disinfection<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10366\" data-end=\"10425\">\n<p data-start=\"10368\" data-end=\"10425\">Manage use of the room during periods of heightened risk.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10427\" data-end=\"10441\">This reflects:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10443\" data-end=\"10594\">\n<li data-start=\"10443\" data-end=\"10504\">\n<p data-start=\"10445\" data-end=\"10504\"><strong data-start=\"10445\" data-end=\"10497\">HHSRS hazard: Domestic hygiene, pests and refuse<\/strong>; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10505\" data-end=\"10594\">\n<p data-start=\"10507\" data-end=\"10594\"><strong data-start=\"10507\" data-end=\"10549\">Reg 4(1)(c) HMO Management Regulations<\/strong> \u2013 keeping communal facilities \u201csafe in use\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"10596\" data-end=\"10737\">Again, the thumb-turn lock <strong data-start=\"10623\" data-end=\"10653\">enhances health and safety<\/strong>; removing it would undermine these protective measures without any legal necessity.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"10739\" data-end=\"10742\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"10744\" data-end=\"10814\">8. Tenant Autonomy, Quiet Enjoyment and Practical Use of the Space<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"10816\" data-end=\"10846\">The residents themselves have:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10848\" data-end=\"11101\">\n<li data-start=\"10848\" data-end=\"10911\">\n<p data-start=\"10850\" data-end=\"10911\"><strong data-start=\"10850\" data-end=\"10876\">Specifically requested<\/strong> that the thumb-turn lock remain,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10912\" data-end=\"11031\">\n<p data-start=\"10914\" data-end=\"10952\">To facilitate legitimate uses such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"10955\" data-end=\"11031\">\n<li data-start=\"10955\" data-end=\"10970\">\n<p data-start=\"10957\" data-end=\"10970\">Zoom calls;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10973\" data-end=\"10989\">\n<p data-start=\"10975\" data-end=\"10989\">Remote work;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10992\" data-end=\"11031\">\n<p data-start=\"10994\" data-end=\"11031\">Private meetings or study sessions,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11032\" data-end=\"11101\">\n<p data-start=\"11034\" data-end=\"11101\">at <strong data-start=\"11037\" data-end=\"11062\">mutually agreed times<\/strong>, recorded and managed by the landlord.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"11103\" data-end=\"11112\">The lock:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11114\" data-end=\"11304\">\n<li data-start=\"11114\" data-end=\"11185\">\n<p data-start=\"11116\" data-end=\"11185\">Enables tenants to <strong data-start=\"11135\" data-end=\"11182\">enjoy the communal room without disturbance<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11186\" data-end=\"11230\">\n<p data-start=\"11188\" data-end=\"11230\">Promotes a calm, functional environment;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11231\" data-end=\"11304\">\n<p data-start=\"11233\" data-end=\"11304\">Supports their <strong data-start=\"11248\" data-end=\"11267\">quiet enjoyment<\/strong> and practical use of the facilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"11306\" data-end=\"11340\">Forcing removal of the lock would:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"11342\" data-end=\"11553\">\n<li data-start=\"11342\" data-end=\"11390\">\n<p data-start=\"11344\" data-end=\"11390\">Interfere with tenants\u2019 agreed arrangements;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11391\" data-end=\"11448\">\n<p data-start=\"11393\" data-end=\"11448\">Reduce the utility and amenity of the communal space;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11449\" data-end=\"11553\">\n<p data-start=\"11451\" data-end=\"11553\">Coincide with a <strong data-start=\"11467\" data-end=\"11502\">reduction in safety and privacy<\/strong>, contrary to the spirit of the HHSRS and Reg 4(3).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"11555\" data-end=\"11558\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"302\" data-end=\"358\">9 \u2013 Unlawful Removal of Lawful Room-Use Flexibility<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"437\">Conflict With the Housing Act 2004 and the Council\u2019s Own Amenity Standards<\/h3>\n<h3 data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"484\">(a) Statutory Framework: Housing Act 2004<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"739\">Under the <strong data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"516\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, particularly <strong data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"557\">Part 2 (HMO Licensing)<\/strong>, the licensing regime is intended to ensure that HMOs are <strong data-start=\"616\" data-end=\"656\">safe, suitable, and properly managed<\/strong>, not to impose conditions that make lawful management impracticable or impossible.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"1017\">Section <strong data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"758\">67(1)<\/strong> of the Housing Act 2004 allows local authorities to impose licence conditions <strong data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"941\">only insofar as they are appropriate for regulating the management, use, and occupation of the house<\/strong>. Conditions must therefore be <strong data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1016\">reasonable, proportionate, and necessary<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1160\">A licence condition that removes lawful and necessary management flexibility exceeds this statutory purpose and is therefore <strong data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1159\">ultra vires<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1165\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1230\">(b) Lawful Flexibility of Room Use Is Recognised by Statute<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1384\">Nothing in the Housing Act 2004 requires that a specific room must be permanently fixed as either \u201ccommunal\u201d or \u201csleeping\u201d accommodation, provided that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1509\">\n<li data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1439\">\n<p data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1439\">the property meets minimum amenity standards, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1509\">\n<p data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1509\">the required communal space is available and suitable at all times.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1511\" data-end=\"1713\">The Act is deliberately <strong data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1554\">outcome-focused<\/strong>, not prescriptive. This allows HMO operators to <strong data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1675\">react to maintenance, safety works, or temporary room unavailability<\/strong> without disrupting lawful occupation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1715\" data-end=\"1806\">Removing the ability to interchange room use conflicts directly with this statutory design.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1808\" data-end=\"1811\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1882\">(c) Council Amenity Standards Explicitly Allow Interchangeability<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1884\" data-end=\"2078\">According to the <strong data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"1955\">Council\u2019s own amenity standards and approved plans<\/strong> for the property, the following rooms are each of sufficient size, layout, and suitability to function lawfully as either:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2148\">\n<li data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2110\">\n<p data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2110\">sleeping accommodation, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2148\">\n<p data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2148\">the required communal living space:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol data-start=\"2150\" data-end=\"2272\">\n<li data-start=\"2150\" data-end=\"2183\">\n<p data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2183\">the front ground-floor room;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2235\">\n<p data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2235\">the ground-floor room adjacent to the kitchen;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2236\" data-end=\"2272\">\n<p data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2272\">the large first-floor front room.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2274\" data-end=\"2377\">By the Council\u2019s own standards, these rooms are therefore <strong data-start=\"2332\" data-end=\"2376\">functionally and legally interchangeable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2379\" data-end=\"2570\">Imposing a licence condition that prevents this interchangeability places the licence in <strong data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2530\">direct conflict with the Council\u2019s own published standards<\/strong>, which is unlawful in public law terms.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2575\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2641\">(d) HMO Management Regulations Require Practical Flexibility<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2643\" data-end=\"2754\">The <strong data-start=\"2647\" data-end=\"2721\">Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/strong> impose duties on the manager to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2952\">\n<li data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2808\">\n<p data-start=\"2758\" data-end=\"2808\">keep the property in good repair (Regulation 4);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2888\">\n<p data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2888\">maintain installations and facilities in safe working order (Regulation 6);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2889\" data-end=\"2952\">\n<p data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"2952\">take prompt action where repairs or maintenance are required.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2954\" data-end=\"3218\">Effective compliance with these regulations <strong data-start=\"2998\" data-end=\"3034\">necessarily requires flexibility<\/strong>. If a bedroom requires maintenance, repair, or temporary withdrawal from use, the manager must be able to <strong data-start=\"3141\" data-end=\"3170\">reallocate room functions<\/strong> to avoid unnecessary displacement of occupiers.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3220\" data-end=\"3322\">A condition that removes this flexibility <strong data-start=\"3262\" data-end=\"3295\">actively obstructs compliance<\/strong> with the 2006 Regulations.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3324\" data-end=\"3327\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3329\" data-end=\"3403\">(e) Tribunal Guidance: Conditions Must Not Undermine Lawful Management<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3405\" data-end=\"3480\">First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) guidance consistently confirms that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3482\" data-end=\"3670\">\n<li data-start=\"3482\" data-end=\"3530\">\n<p data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3530\">licence conditions must not be <strong data-start=\"3515\" data-end=\"3527\">punitive<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3531\" data-end=\"3596\">\n<p data-start=\"3533\" data-end=\"3596\">must not be imposed merely to enforce policy preferences, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3597\" data-end=\"3670\">\n<p data-start=\"3599\" data-end=\"3670\">must not undermine lawful and reasonable property management practices.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3672\" data-end=\"3841\">A condition that forces eviction or displacement of occupiers <strong data-start=\"3734\" data-end=\"3795\">solely because a room cannot be temporarily re-designated<\/strong> is plainly unreasonable and disproportionate.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3952\">Such a condition is therefore vulnerable to being struck out under <strong data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3927\">section 67(5)<\/strong> of the Housing Act 2004.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3954\" data-end=\"3957\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3959\" data-end=\"4037\">(f) Practical Consequences: Forced Evictions Contrary to Statutory Purpose<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4039\" data-end=\"4088\">The effect of the lock-removal condition is that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4090\" data-end=\"4244\">\n<li data-start=\"4090\" data-end=\"4133\">\n<p data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4133\">if maintenance is required in one room,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4134\" data-end=\"4190\">\n<p data-start=\"4136\" data-end=\"4190\">the operator cannot temporarily change room use, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4191\" data-end=\"4244\">\n<p data-start=\"4193\" data-end=\"4244\">tenants must be displaced or evicted unnecessarily.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4246\" data-end=\"4428\">This outcome directly contradicts the <strong data-start=\"4284\" data-end=\"4324\">core purpose of the Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, which is to promote <strong data-start=\"4346\" data-end=\"4388\">safe, stable, and well-managed housing<\/strong>, not instability or avoidable eviction.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4430\" data-end=\"4433\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"4435\" data-end=\"4496\">(g) Conclusion: Condition Is Unlawful and Must Be Removed<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4498\" data-end=\"4543\">For the reasons set out above, the condition:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4545\" data-end=\"4772\">\n<li data-start=\"4545\" data-end=\"4589\">\n<p data-start=\"4547\" data-end=\"4589\">conflicts with the <strong data-start=\"4566\" data-end=\"4586\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4590\" data-end=\"4646\">\n<p data-start=\"4592\" data-end=\"4646\">contradicts the <strong data-start=\"4608\" data-end=\"4643\">Council\u2019s own amenity standards<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4647\" data-end=\"4721\">\n<p data-start=\"4649\" data-end=\"4721\">obstructs compliance with the <strong data-start=\"4679\" data-end=\"4714\">HMO Management Regulations 2006<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4722\" data-end=\"4772\">\n<p data-start=\"4724\" data-end=\"4772\">undermines lawful and reasonable HMO management.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4774\" data-end=\"4902\">The condition is therefore <strong data-start=\"4801\" data-end=\"4852\">unreasonable, disproportionate, and ultra vires<\/strong>, and must be <strong data-start=\"4866\" data-end=\"4901\">removed or substantially varied<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2075\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2170\"><strong data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2170\">\u00a0Why Flexibility Is Legally Required: The Housing Act 2004 and Practical Necessity<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2311\">HMOs must remain <strong data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2227\">reasonably suitable for occupation<\/strong> (s.64 Housing Act 2004) <em data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2266\">at all times<\/em>.<br data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2270\" \/>This necessarily requires the ability to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2313\" data-end=\"2549\">\n<li data-start=\"2313\" data-end=\"2345\">\n<p data-start=\"2315\" data-end=\"2345\">reassign room roles quickly,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2346\" data-end=\"2392\">\n<p data-start=\"2348\" data-end=\"2392\">maintain amenity standards during repairs,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2451\">\n<p data-start=\"2395\" data-end=\"2451\">avoid decanting or evicting tenants unnecessarily, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2452\" data-end=\"2549\">\n<p data-start=\"2454\" data-end=\"2549\">meet occupancy and communal-space requirements even during emergencies or reactive maintenance.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2551\" data-end=\"2594\">Tribunal decisions repeatedly confirm that:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"2757\">\n<p data-start=\"2598\" data-end=\"2757\"><strong data-start=\"2598\" data-end=\"2757\">Licensing conditions must not undermine the landlord\u2019s ability to comply with the statutory framework of the Housing Act 2004 or safe operational practice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"2759\" data-end=\"2852\">(<em data-start=\"2760\" data-end=\"2765\">See<\/em> Stoke-on-Trent CC v Mohamed; Leeds CC v Hanif; FTT London 2019 lock-removal decision.)<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2854\" data-end=\"3053\">In <strong data-start=\"2857\" data-end=\"2868\">Mohamed<\/strong>, the Tribunal emphasised that conditions must not create operational impracticalities or force landlords into unnecessary rehousing or restructuring.<br data-start=\"3018\" data-end=\"3021\" \/>The same principle applies here.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3055\" data-end=\"3058\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"3060\" data-end=\"3145\"><strong data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3145\">The Lock-Removal Condition Destroys This Necessary and Lawful Flexibility<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3147\" data-end=\"3180\">By requiring that the front room:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3275\">\n<li data-start=\"3182\" data-end=\"3222\">\n<p data-start=\"3184\" data-end=\"3222\">remain <strong data-start=\"3191\" data-end=\"3215\">permanently unlocked<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3223\" data-end=\"3275\">\n<p data-start=\"3225\" data-end=\"3275\">be <strong data-start=\"3228\" data-end=\"3272\">accessible to all occupiers at all times<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3333\">the Council is effectively declaring that the room must:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3335\" data-end=\"3669\">\n<li data-start=\"3335\" data-end=\"3366\">\n<p data-start=\"3337\" data-end=\"3366\"><strong data-start=\"3337\" data-end=\"3363\">always remain communal<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3418\">\n<p data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3418\"><strong data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3415\">never be capable of temporary reassignment<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3419\" data-end=\"3520\">\n<p data-start=\"3421\" data-end=\"3520\"><strong data-start=\"3421\" data-end=\"3456\">never be closed off for repairs<\/strong>, deep cleaning, emergency works, leaks, or electrical issues,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3521\" data-end=\"3669\">\n<p data-start=\"3523\" data-end=\"3669\"><strong data-start=\"3523\" data-end=\"3561\">never serve as a temporary bedroom<\/strong> when another room becomes unusable (a lawful practice clearly contemplated by the Council\u2019s own standards).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3671\" data-end=\"3731\">This is not merely poor policy\u2014it is <strong data-start=\"3708\" data-end=\"3730\">legally incoherent<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3733\" data-end=\"3840\">It unlawfully converts a flexible multi-room amenity structure into a <strong data-start=\"3803\" data-end=\"3830\">single-point-of-failure<\/strong>, meaning:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3842\" data-end=\"4136\">\n<li data-start=\"3842\" data-end=\"3988\">\n<p data-start=\"3844\" data-end=\"3988\">If the communal room suffers a leak, electrical failure, damp, pest incursion, or structural defect\u2014situations common in shared accommodation\u2014<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4136\">\n<p data-start=\"3991\" data-end=\"4136\">The landlord <strong data-start=\"4004\" data-end=\"4054\">cannot lawfully reassign another suitable room<\/strong> as communal space without breaching the Council\u2019s imposed lock-removal condition.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4138\" data-end=\"4174\">The only alternatives would then be:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4176\" data-end=\"4407\">\n<li data-start=\"4176\" data-end=\"4204\">\n<p data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4204\">temporary <strong data-start=\"4188\" data-end=\"4201\">evictions<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4233\">\n<p data-start=\"4207\" data-end=\"4233\">expensive <strong data-start=\"4217\" data-end=\"4230\">decanting<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4282\">\n<p data-start=\"4236\" data-end=\"4282\">paying for emergency external accommodation,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4302\">\n<p data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4302\">creating voids,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4303\" data-end=\"4407\">\n<p data-start=\"4305\" data-end=\"4407\">or operating outside amenity standards\u2014all of which are directly contrary to the purpose of licensing.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4409\" data-end=\"4576\">This contradicts not only logic but <strong data-start=\"4445\" data-end=\"4489\">the purpose of ss.64\u201367 Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, which exists to <em data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4519\">facilitate<\/em> safety, suitability, and good management\u2014not destroy it.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4578\" data-end=\"4581\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"4583\" data-end=\"4677\"><strong data-start=\"4588\" data-end=\"4677\">\u00a0The Condition Forces Unlawful Outcomes and Exposes the Council to Legal Difficulty<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"4679\" data-end=\"4761\">Because this unlawful rigidity is created <strong data-start=\"4721\" data-end=\"4739\">by the Council<\/strong>, not by the landlord:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4763\" data-end=\"5044\">\n<li data-start=\"4763\" data-end=\"4897\">\n<p data-start=\"4765\" data-end=\"4897\">the Council is effectively compelling the landlord into situations where compliance with amenity standards becomes <strong data-start=\"4880\" data-end=\"4894\">impossible<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4898\" data-end=\"5044\">\n<p data-start=\"4900\" data-end=\"5044\">and may require <strong data-start=\"4916\" data-end=\"4959\">breaches of other statutory obligations<\/strong> (e.g., HHSRS hazards, suitability standards, and even duties to avoid overcrowding).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5046\" data-end=\"5246\">A licensing condition that <strong data-start=\"5073\" data-end=\"5103\">creates statutory conflict<\/strong> is ultra vires.<br data-start=\"5119\" data-end=\"5122\" \/>The Tribunal in <em data-start=\"5138\" data-end=\"5145\">Hanif<\/em> made clear that councils cannot impose conditions that \u201crewrite or contradict the statutory regime.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5248\" data-end=\"5308\">Here, the lock-removal requirement <strong data-start=\"5283\" data-end=\"5307\">directly contradicts<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5590\">\n<li data-start=\"5310\" data-end=\"5386\">\n<p data-start=\"5312\" data-end=\"5386\">the flexible designation of rooms provided for under national standards;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5387\" data-end=\"5431\">\n<p data-start=\"5389\" data-end=\"5431\">the need to maintain suitability (s.64);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5432\" data-end=\"5490\">\n<p data-start=\"5434\" data-end=\"5490\">the requirement to manage hazards proactively (HHSRS);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5491\" data-end=\"5590\">\n<p data-start=\"5493\" data-end=\"5590\">the landlord\u2019s duty to take reasonable steps to protect occupiers (Reg 4(3) HMO Management Regs).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5592\" data-end=\"5671\">A condition that <strong data-start=\"5609\" data-end=\"5644\">undermines statutory compliance<\/strong> is unlawful by definition.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5673\" data-end=\"5676\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"5678\" data-end=\"5748\"><strong data-start=\"5683\" data-end=\"5748\">\u00a0The Tribunal Has Already Overturned Comparable Impositions<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5750\" data-end=\"5795\">Tribunal guidance shows a consistent pattern:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5797\" data-end=\"6239\">\n<li data-start=\"5797\" data-end=\"5939\">\n<p data-start=\"5799\" data-end=\"5939\">In <em data-start=\"5802\" data-end=\"5811\">Mohamed<\/em>, rigid conditions that prevented flexible, practical operation of an HMO were struck out as disproportionate and unnecessary.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5940\" data-end=\"6082\">\n<p data-start=\"5942\" data-end=\"6082\">In the <strong data-start=\"5949\" data-end=\"5986\">FTT London 2019 lock-removal case<\/strong>, limiting legitimate lock use was found to exceed statutory powers and be wholly unjustified.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6239\">\n<p data-start=\"6085\" data-end=\"6239\">In <em data-start=\"6088\" data-end=\"6095\">Hanif<\/em>, the Tribunal rejected the council\u2019s attempt to create non-statutory standards or interfere with the landlord\u2019s discretion on lawful matters.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"6241\" data-end=\"6308\">The present condition is analogous to all three of these decisions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6310\" data-end=\"6424\">It places <strong data-start=\"6320\" data-end=\"6351\">unlawful, rigid constraints<\/strong> on lawful HMO operation without any legal basis or safety justification.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6426\" data-end=\"6429\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"6431\" data-end=\"6527\"><strong data-start=\"6436\" data-end=\"6527\">Conclusion to Section 9: The Condition Is Incompatible With Law, Standards, and Practical Reality<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6529\" data-end=\"6540\">Given that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6542\" data-end=\"7040\">\n<li data-start=\"6542\" data-end=\"6619\">\n<p data-start=\"6544\" data-end=\"6619\">The Council\u2019s own standards recognise the three rooms as interchangeable;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6620\" data-end=\"6695\">\n<p data-start=\"6622\" data-end=\"6695\">Flexibility is necessary to comply with statutory amenity requirements;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6696\" data-end=\"6757\">\n<p data-start=\"6698\" data-end=\"6757\">The lock-removal condition <strong data-start=\"6725\" data-end=\"6754\">destroys this flexibility<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6758\" data-end=\"6899\">\n<p data-start=\"6760\" data-end=\"6899\">It forces impractical, burdensome, and legally problematic consequences (including unnecessary evictions and interruptions to occupancy);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6900\" data-end=\"6978\">\n<p data-start=\"6902\" data-end=\"6978\">It contradicts Tribunal precedent and the purpose of the Housing Act 2004;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6979\" data-end=\"7040\">\n<p data-start=\"6981\" data-end=\"7040\">And it prevents lawful and necessary responsive management,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7042\" data-end=\"7113\">the Tribunal is respectfully invited to conclude that the condition is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7115\" data-end=\"7366\">\n<li data-start=\"7115\" data-end=\"7135\">\n<p data-start=\"7117\" data-end=\"7135\"><strong data-start=\"7117\" data-end=\"7132\">Ultra vires<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7136\" data-end=\"7170\">\n<p data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7170\"><strong data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7167\">Operationally destructive<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7171\" data-end=\"7213\">\n<p data-start=\"7173\" data-end=\"7213\"><strong data-start=\"7173\" data-end=\"7210\">Contrary to the statutory purpose<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7214\" data-end=\"7268\">\n<p data-start=\"7216\" data-end=\"7268\"><strong data-start=\"7216\" data-end=\"7265\">Inconsistent with the Council\u2019s own standards<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7269\" data-end=\"7322\">\n<p data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7322\"><strong data-start=\"7271\" data-end=\"7315\">Unsupported by any legislative authority<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7323\" data-end=\"7366\">\n<p data-start=\"7325\" data-end=\"7366\">Therefore must be <strong data-start=\"7343\" data-end=\"7365\">struck out in full<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"13288\" data-end=\"13291\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"13293\" data-end=\"13334\">10. Structural and Practical Problems<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"13336\" data-end=\"13360\">The door in question is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"13362\" data-end=\"13473\">\n<li data-start=\"13362\" data-end=\"13473\">\n<p data-start=\"13364\" data-end=\"13473\">A <strong data-start=\"13366\" data-end=\"13394\">fire-resisting FD30 door<\/strong> with smoke seals and intumescent strips, as required elsewhere in the licence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"13475\" data-end=\"13517\">\u201cRemoving the lock\u201d is not a trivial step:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"13519\" data-end=\"13705\">\n<li data-start=\"13519\" data-end=\"13575\">\n<p data-start=\"13521\" data-end=\"13575\">It risks damaging or compromising the fire-door set;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13576\" data-end=\"13705\">\n<p data-start=\"13578\" data-end=\"13608\">In practice, it would require:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"13611\" data-end=\"13705\">\n<li data-start=\"13611\" data-end=\"13664\">\n<p data-start=\"13613\" data-end=\"13664\">replacing the lock with another certified set, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13667\" data-end=\"13705\">\n<p data-start=\"13669\" data-end=\"13705\">replacing the entire door and frame.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"13707\" data-end=\"13712\">This:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"13714\" data-end=\"13876\">\n<li data-start=\"13714\" data-end=\"13759\">\n<p data-start=\"13716\" data-end=\"13759\">Adds <strong data-start=\"13721\" data-end=\"13756\">unnecessary cost and complexity<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13760\" data-end=\"13808\">\n<p data-start=\"13762\" data-end=\"13808\">Creates scope for accidental non-compliance;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13809\" data-end=\"13876\">\n<p data-start=\"13811\" data-end=\"13876\">Again underlines that the condition has not been thought through.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"13878\" data-end=\"14002\">A condition that is <strong data-start=\"13898\" data-end=\"13966\">technically vague, structurally awkward and functionally harmful<\/strong> is not a proper use of s.67 powers.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"14004\" data-end=\"14007\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"14009\" data-end=\"14047\">11. Case Law and Tribunal Approach<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"14049\" data-end=\"14156\">The Applicant relies on previous decisions of the First-tier Tribunal and higher courts which confirm that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14158\" data-end=\"14424\">\n<li data-start=\"14158\" data-end=\"14273\">\n<p data-start=\"14160\" data-end=\"14273\">Local authorities <strong data-start=\"14178\" data-end=\"14239\">must not use licensing conditions to create new standards<\/strong> beyond those set by Parliament;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14274\" data-end=\"14352\">\n<p data-start=\"14276\" data-end=\"14352\">Conditions must be <strong data-start=\"14295\" data-end=\"14349\">necessary, proportionate and supported by evidence<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14353\" data-end=\"14424\">\n<p data-start=\"14355\" data-end=\"14424\">Arbitrary or preference-based conditions are liable to be struck out.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"14426\" data-end=\"14465\">In particular, the Applicant refers to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14467\" data-end=\"14923\">\n<li data-start=\"14467\" data-end=\"14618\">\n<p data-start=\"14469\" data-end=\"14618\"><strong data-start=\"14469\" data-end=\"14502\">An FTT (London) 2019 decision<\/strong> where an arbitrary lock-removal requirement, not justified by fire safety or statutory standards, was not upheld;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14619\" data-end=\"14739\">\n<p data-start=\"14621\" data-end=\"14739\"><strong data-start=\"14621\" data-end=\"14651\">Leeds City Council v Hanif<\/strong>, emphasising that councils cannot impose conditions that rewrite statutory standards;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"14740\" data-end=\"14923\">\n<p data-start=\"14742\" data-end=\"14923\"><strong data-start=\"14742\" data-end=\"14773\">Stoke-on-Trent CC v Mohamed<\/strong>, where conditions demanding unnecessary physical alterations were overturned as disproportionate and beyond the proper scope of HMO licensing powers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"14925\" data-end=\"14991\">Across multiple decisions, the common consistent approach is that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"14993\" data-end=\"15180\">\n<li data-start=\"14993\" data-end=\"15093\">\n<p data-start=\"14995\" data-end=\"15093\">Licence conditions <strong data-start=\"15014\" data-end=\"15057\">must not extend beyond what is required<\/strong> to ensure safety and suitability;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15094\" data-end=\"15180\">\n<p data-start=\"15096\" data-end=\"15180\">They are not a vehicle for imposing any policy preference a council may wish to see.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"15182\" data-end=\"15268\">The lock-removal condition here is a textbook example of that impermissible overreach.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"15270\" data-end=\"15273\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"15275\" data-end=\"15333\">12. Wednesbury Unreasonableness and Procedural Defects<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"15335\" data-end=\"15402\">The decision to impose this condition is <strong data-start=\"15376\" data-end=\"15390\">irrational<\/strong> because it:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"15404\" data-end=\"15847\">\n<li data-start=\"15404\" data-end=\"15511\">\n<p data-start=\"15406\" data-end=\"15511\">Pursues no legitimate statutory aim: it does not improve fire safety, management, or living conditions;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15512\" data-end=\"15606\">\n<p data-start=\"15514\" data-end=\"15606\">Ignores the <strong data-start=\"15526\" data-end=\"15557\">clear safeguarding benefits<\/strong> of the lock, which has already prevented harm;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15607\" data-end=\"15674\">\n<p data-start=\"15609\" data-end=\"15674\">Conflicts with the council\u2019s own flexible approach to room use;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15675\" data-end=\"15754\">\n<p data-start=\"15677\" data-end=\"15754\">Undermines the landlord\u2019s ability to comply with Reg 4(3) and HHSRS duties;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15755\" data-end=\"15847\">\n<p data-start=\"15757\" data-end=\"15847\">Was adopted <strong data-start=\"15769\" data-end=\"15846\">without any recorded risk assessment, fire-officer advice, or explanation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"15849\" data-end=\"15884\">No evidence has been provided that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"15886\" data-end=\"16036\">\n<li data-start=\"15886\" data-end=\"15935\">\n<p data-start=\"15888\" data-end=\"15935\">The lock has ever caused a safety problem; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15936\" data-end=\"15983\">\n<p data-start=\"15938\" data-end=\"15983\">Its presence obstructs any escape route; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"15984\" data-end=\"16036\">\n<p data-start=\"15986\" data-end=\"16036\">Tenants have been unable to leave in an emergency.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"16038\" data-end=\"16191\">A condition imposed <strong data-start=\"16058\" data-end=\"16158\">without evidence, without balancing competing safety factors, and without coherent justification<\/strong> is unlawful in public-law terms.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"219\"><strong data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"219\">13 \u2013 Party Prevention and Anti-Social Behaviour Management<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"221\" data-end=\"494\">A further, and independently compelling, reason why the lock-removal condition is unlawful and irrational is that it <strong data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"429\">directly undermines the landlord\u2019s ability to prevent parties and anti-social behaviour<\/strong>, both inside the HMO and in relation to neighbouring properties.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"560\">The Council\u2019s own draft licence conditions expressly state that:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"801\">\n<p data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"801\">\u201cThe licence holder shall ensure that all reasonable and practical steps are taken to prevent or reduce anti-social behaviour by persons occupying or visiting the house.\u201d (Schedule 4, Condition 2).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"954\">In other words, the Council requires the licence holder to <strong data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"925\">proactively manage and minimise anti-social behaviour (ASB)<\/strong>. This includes, in practice:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"1165\">\n<li data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"1010\">\n<p data-start=\"958\" data-end=\"1010\">preventing late-night parties and loud gatherings;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1045\">\n<p data-start=\"1013\" data-end=\"1045\">controlling drunken behaviour;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1089\">\n<p data-start=\"1048\" data-end=\"1089\">reducing disturbance to neighbours; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1165\">\n<p data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1165\">protecting the quiet enjoyment of other occupiers and adjoining premises.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1287\">In HMOs, experience shows that <strong data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1272\">uncontrolled use of communal areas is one of the main triggers for ASB<\/strong>, particularly:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1443\">\n<li data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1331\">\n<p data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1331\">large social gatherings in the lounge;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1365\">\n<p data-start=\"1334\" data-end=\"1365\">late-night drinking sessions;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1366\" data-end=\"1443\">\n<p data-start=\"1368\" data-end=\"1443\">noise, shouting, music and general disorder extending into the early hours.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1606\">The <strong data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1501\">thumb-turn lock on the communal living room door<\/strong> is a key, lawful, and proportionate tool for managing those risks. It allows the landlord or manager to:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"2253\">\n<li data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1785\">\n<p data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1785\"><strong data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1663\">Restrict access to the lounge at sensitive times<\/strong>, especially late at night, in order to prevent parties and drinking sessions that disturb other tenants and neighbours.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1920\">\n<p data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1920\"><strong data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1821\">Limit the size of gatherings<\/strong> in the communal space and avoid overcrowding, which can escalate into noise, damage or disorder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2097\">\n<p data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"2097\"><strong data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"1947\">Enforce house rules<\/strong>, agreed with the tenants, about appropriate use of the communal lounge (e.g. no parties after a certain time, no alcohol-fuelled gatherings, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2098\" data-end=\"2253\">\n<p data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2253\"><strong data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2144\">Protect the neighbours\u2019 quiet enjoyment<\/strong> and reduce the likelihood of complaints, enforcement action, or reputational damage to the HMO and the area.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2255\" data-end=\"2265\">Crucially:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2501\">\n<li data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2384\">\n<p data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2384\">The lock is <strong data-start=\"2281\" data-end=\"2323\">operated by thumb-turn from the inside<\/strong>, so it poses <strong data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2381\">no restriction on escape in an emergency<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2501\">\n<p data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2501\">It is used as a <strong data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2441\">management and ASB-control measure<\/strong>, not a means to trap anyone or restrict their legal rights.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2560\">By compelling removal of this lock, the Council would be:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2562\" data-end=\"3059\">\n<li data-start=\"2562\" data-end=\"2685\">\n<p data-start=\"2564\" data-end=\"2685\"><strong data-start=\"2564\" data-end=\"2613\">Removing one of the main practical mechanisms<\/strong> available to the landlord to control parties and ASB in the property;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2899\">\n<p data-start=\"2688\" data-end=\"2899\">Making it <strong data-start=\"2698\" data-end=\"2722\">significantly harder<\/strong> for the landlord to comply with the Council\u2019s own requirement to \u201ctake reasonable and practical steps\u201d to prevent anti-social behaviour;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-start=\"2562\" data-end=\"3059\">\n<li data-start=\"2900\" data-end=\"3059\">\n<p data-start=\"2902\" data-end=\"3059\">Undermining the objectives of the Housing Act 2004 and HMO licensing, which aim to improve standards and reduce nuisance, not make such problems more likely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3061\" data-end=\"3105\">There is a clear <strong data-start=\"3078\" data-end=\"3102\">policy contradiction<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3381\">\n<li data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3210\">\n<p data-start=\"3109\" data-end=\"3210\">On the one hand, the Council insists that licence holders must minimise ASB and protect neighbours;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3211\" data-end=\"3381\">\n<p data-start=\"3213\" data-end=\"3381\">On the other, it seeks to <strong data-start=\"3239\" data-end=\"3299\">remove exactly the sort of proportionate management tool<\/strong> (a lockable communal room with keyless egress) that allows the landlord to do so.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3383\" data-end=\"3624\">This contradiction renders the condition <strong data-start=\"3424\" data-end=\"3458\">irrational in public-law terms<\/strong>. A condition cannot be lawful if its <strong data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3623\">practical effect is to prevent the licence holder from meeting other duties imposed by the same licence and legal framework<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3626\" data-end=\"4041\">Moreover, party and ASB prevention is not a peripheral issue. Excessive noise, late-night disturbance, drunken behaviour and disorder are all recognised under the <strong data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3840\">Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS)<\/strong> as hazards capable of causing psychological stress and physical harm. The landlord is expected to <strong data-start=\"3939\" data-end=\"3993\">take reasonable measures to mitigate those hazards<\/strong>, not to dismantle existing, effective controls.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4043\" data-end=\"4092\">The thumb-turn lock on the communal room door is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4319\">\n<li data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4177\">\n<p data-start=\"4096\" data-end=\"4177\">a <strong data-start=\"4098\" data-end=\"4148\">reasonable, targeted and proportionate measure<\/strong> for party and ASB control;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4178\" data-end=\"4240\">\n<p data-start=\"4180\" data-end=\"4240\">entirely <strong data-start=\"4189\" data-end=\"4237\">compatible with fire-safety law and guidance<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4241\" data-end=\"4319\">\n<p data-start=\"4243\" data-end=\"4319\">specifically designed to <strong data-start=\"4268\" data-end=\"4318\">support the Council\u2019s own ASB-reduction policy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4321\" data-end=\"4357\">To require its removal is therefore:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4691\">\n<li data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4443\">\n<p data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4443\"><strong data-start=\"4361\" data-end=\"4440\">directly contrary to the stated objective of reducing anti-social behaviour<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4444\" data-end=\"4574\">\n<p data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4574\"><strong data-start=\"4446\" data-end=\"4503\">contradictory to the licence holder\u2019s management duty<\/strong> under Schedule 4, Condition 2;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4691\">\n<li data-start=\"4575\" data-end=\"4691\">\n<p data-start=\"4577\" data-end=\"4691\"><strong data-start=\"4577\" data-end=\"4612\">irrational and disproportionate<\/strong>, and thus an improper use of the Council\u2019s powers under s.67 Housing Act 2004.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4693\" data-end=\"4976\">For these reasons, the party-prevention and ASB-management dimension provides an <strong data-start=\"4774\" data-end=\"4805\">additional, powerful ground<\/strong> on which the Tribunal should conclude that the lock-removal condition is not reasonably necessary, conflicts with the broader licensing framework, and must be struck out.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"281\" data-end=\"284\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"417\">14 \u2013 Absence of This Condition in All Previous Licences Demonstrates It Is Not Lawful, Necessary, or Within the Council\u2019s Powers<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"641\">A further and compelling indicator that the lock-removal condition is <strong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"576\">unlawful, disproportionate, and outside the scope of the Council\u2019s licensing powers<\/strong> is the fact that <strong data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"637\">no such condition has ever been imposed<\/strong> in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"1003\">\n<li data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"712\">\n<p data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"712\">the <strong data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"691\">previous HMO licence for this property<\/strong> (63 Canwick Road);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"795\">\n<p data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"795\">any other HMO licences issued to the Applicant by <strong data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"792\">City of Lincoln Council<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"893\">\n<p data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"893\">licences issued by <strong data-start=\"817\" data-end=\"852\">other local housing authorities<\/strong> for HMOs operated by the Applicant; or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"894\" data-end=\"1003\">\n<p data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"1003\">any licences held across the Applicant\u2019s portfolio over <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1002\">more than 15 years of continuous HMO operation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1101\">This consistent and universal absence is highly material and cannot be dismissed as coincidence.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1103\" data-end=\"1106\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1178\">(a) Licensing Conditions Must Be Lawful, Necessary, and Justified<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1220\">Housing Act 2004 \u2013 Sections 67 and 68<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1430\">Under <strong data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1245\">section 67(1)<\/strong> of the <strong data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1273\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, a local housing authority may impose licence conditions <strong data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1429\">only where they are appropriate for regulating the management, use, or occupation of the house<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1492\">Tribunal authority is clear that licence conditions must be:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1623\">\n<li data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1532\">\n<p data-start=\"1496\" data-end=\"1532\">grounded in <strong data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1529\">statutory purpose<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1533\" data-end=\"1580\">\n<p data-start=\"1535\" data-end=\"1580\">supported by <strong data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1573\">evidence or necessity<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"1623\">\n<p data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1623\">applied <strong data-start=\"1591\" data-end=\"1622\">consistently and rationally<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1625\" data-end=\"1809\">A condition that has <strong data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1679\">never previously been imposed<\/strong>, despite identical circumstances, strongly indicates that it is <strong data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1761\">not necessary<\/strong> to achieve the statutory objectives of the Act.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1814\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1816\" data-end=\"1875\">(b) Legitimate Expectation and Consistency in Public Law<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1995\">Public authorities are bound by the public-law principles of <strong data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1994\">consistency, rationality, and legitimate expectation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2058\">Where an operator has, over many years and multiple licences:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2199\">\n<li data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2112\">\n<p data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2112\">operated with the <strong data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2109\">same physical arrangement<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2164\">\n<p data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2164\">been repeatedly licensed without objection, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2199\">\n<p data-start=\"2167\" data-end=\"2199\">been treated as fully compliant,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2288\">a sudden departure requires <strong data-start=\"2229\" data-end=\"2287\">clear statutory authority and compelling justification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2290\" data-end=\"2335\">No such justification has been provided here.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2507\">The imposition of a novel and unprecedented condition, without any change in law or guidance, is <strong data-start=\"2434\" data-end=\"2462\">arbitrary and irrational<\/strong>, and therefore unlawful in public-law terms.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2509\" data-end=\"2512\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2514\" data-end=\"2565\">(c) Absence of Any Statutory or Regulatory Basis<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2567\" data-end=\"2596\">There is <strong data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2592\">no provision<\/strong> in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2598\" data-end=\"2802\">\n<li data-start=\"2598\" data-end=\"2627\">\n<p data-start=\"2600\" data-end=\"2627\">the <strong data-start=\"2604\" data-end=\"2624\">Housing Act 2004<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2628\" data-end=\"2714\">\n<p data-start=\"2630\" data-end=\"2714\">the <strong data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2708\">Management of Houses in Multiple Occupation (England) Regulations 2006<\/strong>, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2715\" data-end=\"2802\">\n<p data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2802\">fire-safety legislation including the <strong data-start=\"2755\" data-end=\"2801\">Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2804\" data-end=\"2891\">that prohibits the use of a <strong data-start=\"2832\" data-end=\"2851\">thumb-turn lock<\/strong> on a communal room door, provided that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"2970\">\n<li data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"2936\">\n<p data-start=\"2895\" data-end=\"2936\">the door allows <strong data-start=\"2911\" data-end=\"2929\">keyless egress<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2937\" data-end=\"2970\">\n<p data-start=\"2939\" data-end=\"2970\">fire-safety objectives are met.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2972\" data-end=\"3128\">The long-standing absence of such a condition across multiple licences reflects the legal reality that <strong data-start=\"3075\" data-end=\"3104\">no statutory power exists<\/strong> to mandate its removal.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3133\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3135\" data-end=\"3199\">(d) National Fire Safety Guidance Supports Thumb-Turn Locks<\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3200\" data-end=\"3219\">LACORS Guidance<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3293\">The <strong data-start=\"3225\" data-end=\"3266\">LACORS Housing \u2013 Fire Safety Guidance<\/strong> expressly recognises that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3295\" data-end=\"3405\">\n<li data-start=\"3295\" data-end=\"3335\">\n<p data-start=\"3297\" data-end=\"3335\">thumb-turn locks are acceptable, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3336\" data-end=\"3405\">\n<p data-start=\"3338\" data-end=\"3405\">doors may be secured provided occupants can <strong data-start=\"3382\" data-end=\"3404\">exit without a key<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3407\" data-end=\"3571\">This guidance has been relied upon by licensing authorities and tribunals for many years and directly contradicts the premise underlying the lock-removal condition.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3573\" data-end=\"3693\">It is therefore unsurprising\u2014and legally significant\u2014that no authority has previously sought to impose such a condition.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"3698\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"3771\">(e) Tribunal Practice: Arbitrary Conditions Are Routinely Struck Out<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3848\">First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) decisions consistently confirm that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"4102\">\n<li data-start=\"3850\" data-end=\"3955\">\n<p data-start=\"3852\" data-end=\"3955\">licence conditions must not be imposed simply because an authority \u201cprefers\u201d a different arrangement;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"4035\">\n<p data-start=\"3958\" data-end=\"4035\">conditions must not duplicate or contradict existing statutory regimes; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4036\" data-end=\"4102\">\n<p data-start=\"4038\" data-end=\"4102\">conditions lacking a clear legal foundation are <strong data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4101\">ultra vires<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4104\" data-end=\"4243\">Where conditions are novel, unsupported by statute, and inconsistent with both guidance and past practice, tribunals routinely remove them.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4245\" data-end=\"4383\">The complete absence of this condition from historical licences strongly indicates that <strong data-start=\"4333\" data-end=\"4382\">authorities recognise its legal vulnerability<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4385\" data-end=\"4388\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4390\" data-end=\"4454\">(f) The Absence Is Not Accidental \u2014 It Is Legally Instructive<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4491\">If a condition of this nature were:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4493\" data-end=\"4569\">\n<li data-start=\"4493\" data-end=\"4504\">\n<p data-start=\"4495\" data-end=\"4504\">lawful,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4522\">\n<p data-start=\"4507\" data-end=\"4522\">necessary, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4523\" data-end=\"4569\">\n<p data-start=\"4525\" data-end=\"4569\">genuinely required for safety or management,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4681\">one would reasonably expect it to appear <strong data-start=\"4612\" data-end=\"4642\">regularly and consistently<\/strong> in HMO licences issued across England.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4695\">It does not.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4824\">Not in the Applicant\u2019s licences.<br data-start=\"4729\" data-end=\"4732\" \/>Not in licences issued by other authorities.<br data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"4779\" \/>Not in tribunal-endorsed standard conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4826\" data-end=\"4947\">This omission is <strong data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4854\">telling<\/strong>. Authorities do not impose this condition because <strong data-start=\"4905\" data-end=\"4946\">the law does not permit them to do so<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4949\" data-end=\"4952\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4954\" data-end=\"4971\">(g) Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4973\" data-end=\"4987\">The fact that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4989\" data-end=\"5176\">\n<li data-start=\"4989\" data-end=\"5066\">\n<p data-start=\"4991\" data-end=\"5066\">the condition was absent from the <strong data-start=\"5025\" data-end=\"5063\">previous licence for this property<\/strong>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5067\" data-end=\"5132\">\n<p data-start=\"5069\" data-end=\"5132\">absent from <strong data-start=\"5081\" data-end=\"5103\">all other licences<\/strong> held by the Applicant; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5133\" data-end=\"5176\">\n<p data-start=\"5135\" data-end=\"5176\">absent from licensing practice generally,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5178\" data-end=\"5213\">demonstrates that the condition is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5215\" data-end=\"5364\">\n<li data-start=\"5215\" data-end=\"5242\">\n<p data-start=\"5217\" data-end=\"5242\">unsupported by statute,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5243\" data-end=\"5283\">\n<p data-start=\"5245\" data-end=\"5283\">inconsistent with national guidance,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5324\">\n<p data-start=\"5286\" data-end=\"5324\">contrary to tribunal principles, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5325\" data-end=\"5364\">\n<p data-start=\"5327\" data-end=\"5364\">imposed <strong data-start=\"5335\" data-end=\"5363\">without lawful authority<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5366\" data-end=\"5482\">The condition is therefore <strong data-start=\"5393\" data-end=\"5440\">unlawful, disproportionate, and ultra vires<\/strong>, and must be <strong data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5481\">removed in its entirety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h1 data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"441\">FOCAL TRIBUNAL AUTHORITY: COMMUNAL ROOMS <strong data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"417\">MUST<\/strong> HAVE THUMB-TURN LOCKS<\/h1>\n<h3 data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"524\"><a href=\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/10_Uxendon_Hill_Decision.pdf\">10_Uxendon_Hill_Decision<\/a><\/h3>\n<h2 data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"696\">Central and Decisive Point: Failure to Fit a Thumb-Turn Lock Is Treated as an Offence Because It Is a Safety Measure<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"698\" data-end=\"976\">It is clear from the First-tier Tribunal decision in <strong data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"810\"><em data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"790\">Chowdhury v London Borough of Brent<\/em> (10 Uxendon Hill)<\/strong> that <strong data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"902\">not fitting a thumb-turn lock where required by the licence constitutes an offence<\/strong>, precisely because a thumb-turn lock is a <strong data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"975\">fundamental safety measure<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"978\" data-end=\"1204\">In that case, the local authority lawfully imposed a licence condition requiring thumb-turn locks to be fitted <strong data-start=\"1089\" data-end=\"1157\">to the communal living room door, bedrooms, and the kitchen exit<\/strong>, and the Tribunal proceeded on the basis that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1346\">\n<li data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1233\">\n<p data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1233\">the condition was lawful;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1273\">\n<p data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1273\">compliance with it was mandatory; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1346\">\n<p data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1346\">failure to comply formed part of the regulatory enforcement framework.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1554\">The Tribunal did not treat the thumb-turn lock as optional or discretionary. It treated it as an <strong data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1477\">essential safety requirement<\/strong> forming part of the licence conditions governing safe occupation of the HMO.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1559\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1603\">What the Tribunal Decision Demonstrates<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1659\">The decision demonstrates three critical propositions:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"2058\">\n<li data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1791\">\n<p data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1791\"><strong data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1716\">Thumb-turn locks are required for safety reasons<\/strong>, specifically to ensure keyless egress while allowing doors to be secured.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"1952\">\n<p data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1952\"><strong data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1898\">Failure to fit a required thumb-turn lock is capable of constituting a breach of licence conditions<\/strong>, and therefore an offence under the Housing Act 2004.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"2058\">\n<p data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"2058\">The Tribunal regards such requirements as <strong data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2057\">orthodox, lawful, and integral to HMO safety management<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2235\">The licence condition recorded by the Tribunal required thumb-turn locks to be fitted <strong data-start=\"2146\" data-end=\"2189\">to the communal living room door itself<\/strong>, not merely to final exits. This is decisive.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2237\" data-end=\"2240\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2317\">The Logical Consequence: The Lincoln Condition Requires Unlawful Conduct<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2319\" data-end=\"2407\">Against that backdrop, the position adopted by the City of Lincoln Council is untenable.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2727\">By seeking to impose a licence condition that would require the <strong data-start=\"2473\" data-end=\"2505\">removal of a thumb-turn lock<\/strong>, or prohibit a communal room from being capable of being secured with a thumb-turn, the Council is effectively requiring the licence holder to do something that is <strong data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2726\">contrary to the safety logic of the statutory scheme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2741\">Put plainly:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2743\" data-end=\"3048\">\n<li data-start=\"2743\" data-end=\"2828\">\n<p data-start=\"2745\" data-end=\"2828\">where a Tribunal-recognised licence condition requires thumb-turn locks for safety,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2829\" data-end=\"2890\">\n<p data-start=\"2831\" data-end=\"2890\">requiring their removal necessarily <strong data-start=\"2867\" data-end=\"2885\">reduces safety<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2891\" data-end=\"3048\">\n<p data-start=\"2893\" data-end=\"3048\">places the licence holder in a position where compliance with one authority\u2019s condition would involve <strong data-start=\"2995\" data-end=\"3047\">acting contrary to the law\u2019s safety requirements<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3189\">The law cannot require a licence holder to remove a recognised safety feature whose absence is treated, in Tribunal authority, as a breach.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3191\" data-end=\"3194\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3196\" data-end=\"3273\">Increased Risk to Occupiers and Direct Conflict With the Statutory Purpose<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3350\">The Tribunal decision makes clear that thumb-turn locks exist because they:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3430\">\n<li data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3399\">\n<p data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3399\">enable <strong data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3394\">keyless escape in emergencies<\/strong>; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3400\" data-end=\"3430\">\n<p data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3430\">protect occupiers from harm.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3432\" data-end=\"3500\">Removing such a lock does not improve safety. It <strong data-start=\"3481\" data-end=\"3499\">increases risk<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3502\" data-end=\"3704\">A condition that increases risk to occupiers is not merely unnecessary; it is <strong data-start=\"3580\" data-end=\"3631\">contrary to the purpose of the Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, which is to regulate HMOs in a way that <strong data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3703\">protects health and safety<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3706\" data-end=\"3709\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3711\" data-end=\"3759\">Conclusion: The Condition Is Plainly Unlawful<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3761\" data-end=\"3793\">The position is therefore clear.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"4199\">\n<li data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3884\">\n<p data-start=\"3797\" data-end=\"3884\">The Tribunal decision confirms that <strong data-start=\"3833\" data-end=\"3883\">thumb-turn locks are a required safety measure<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3981\">\n<p data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3981\">Failure to provide them where required is treated as <strong data-start=\"3940\" data-end=\"3952\">a breach<\/strong>, and potentially an offence.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3982\" data-end=\"4199\">\n<p data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"4055\">A licence condition that requires their removal or prohibits their use:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4058\" data-end=\"4199\">\n<li data-start=\"4058\" data-end=\"4078\">\n<p data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4078\">undermines safety,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4081\" data-end=\"4123\">\n<p data-start=\"4083\" data-end=\"4123\">exposes occupiers to increased risk, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4126\" data-end=\"4199\">\n<p data-start=\"4128\" data-end=\"4199\">compels the licence holder to act <strong data-start=\"4162\" data-end=\"4198\">contrary to the statutory scheme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4201\" data-end=\"4314\"><strong data-start=\"4201\" data-end=\"4314\">Accordingly, the City of Lincoln Council is seeking to impose a condition that is unlawful, plain and simple.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4316\" data-end=\"4556\">On the authority of <strong data-start=\"4336\" data-end=\"4383\"><em data-start=\"4338\" data-end=\"4375\">Chowdhury v London Borough of Brent<\/em> alone<\/strong>, this condition must be <strong data-start=\"4408\" data-end=\"4430\">struck out in full<\/strong>, as it requires conduct that is inconsistent with recognised HMO safety obligations and Tribunal-endorsed licensing practice.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"435\">Clarification: Meaning of \u201cWithout the Use of a Key\u201d in Condition 25 (10 Uxendon Hill)<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"732\">For the avoidance of any doubt whatsoever, the phrase <strong data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"521\">\u201cwithout the use of a key\u201d<\/strong> in <strong data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"541\">Condition 25<\/strong> of <em data-start=\"545\" data-end=\"600\">Chowdhury v London Borough of Brent (10 Uxendon Hill)<\/em> refers <strong data-start=\"608\" data-end=\"664\">specifically and exclusively to egress from the room<\/strong>, not to the absence of a key-operated locking mechanism altogether.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"787\">In practical and industry-standard terms, this means:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"1021\">\n<li data-start=\"789\" data-end=\"905\">\n<p data-start=\"791\" data-end=\"905\">the door <strong data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"872\">must always be capable of being opened from the inside without a key<\/strong>, by means of a thumb turn; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"1021\">\n<p data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"1021\">the door <strong data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"996\">may and ordinarily does retain a key-operated cylinder on the external side<\/strong>, as is standard in HMOs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1213\">This interpretation is not optional or debatable. It is compelled by the wording and structure of <strong data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1144\">Condition 25 itself<\/strong>, which required <strong data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1186\">the same type of lock<\/strong> to be fitted uniformly to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1330\">\n<li data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1236\">\n<p data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1236\"><strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1233\">all bedrooms<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1237\" data-end=\"1279\">\n<p data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1279\"><strong data-start=\"1239\" data-end=\"1272\">the communal living room door<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1280\" data-end=\"1330\">\n<p data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1330\"><strong data-start=\"1282\" data-end=\"1329\">the kitchen door leading to the rear garden<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1647\">It is self-evident that bedroom doors in HMOs necessarily have <strong data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1427\">key-operated external access<\/strong>. Accordingly, when the Tribunal-recorded condition requires thumb-turn locks \u201cwithout the use of a key\u201d across all these rooms, it can only mean <strong data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1609\">without the use of a key to exit<\/strong>, not without a key cylinder entirely.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1649\" data-end=\"1802\">Thus, the Tribunal-approved condition expressly contemplates \u2014 and mandates \u2014 the <strong data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1777\">standard HMO thumb-turn lock configuration<\/strong> used nationwide, namely:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1895\">\n<li data-start=\"1804\" data-end=\"1845\">\n<p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1845\"><strong data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"1838\">keyed entry from the outside<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1846\" data-end=\"1895\">\n<p data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1895\"><strong data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1894\">thumb-turn, keyless egress from the inside<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1897\" data-end=\"2110\">This is the <strong data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1933\">exact same lock type<\/strong>, applied consistently across bedrooms, the communal living room, and the kitchen, and it is the <strong data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2048\">same mechanism<\/strong> as that fitted to the communal room door in the present case.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2112\" data-end=\"2309\">There is therefore <strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2209\">no ambiguity, no alternative interpretation, and no scope for equivocation<\/strong>. The Tribunal endorsed <strong data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2264\">this precise lock mechanism<\/strong> as lawful and mandatory for safety purposes.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"281\" data-end=\"338\">Strike-Out Ground: Condition Requires Unlawful Conduct<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"1703\">It is clear from the First-tier Tribunal decision in <strong data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"452\"><em data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"450\">Chowdhury v London Borough of Brent (10 Uxendon Hill)<\/em><\/strong> that <strong data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"509\">thumb-turn locks are a mandatory safety measure<\/strong>, not an optional feature. In that case, the Council lawfully required thumb-turn locks to be fitted <strong data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"667\">to the communal living room door and the kitchen exit<\/strong>, and the Tribunal upheld the licence and enforcement on that basis, proceeding on the footing that <strong data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"864\">failure to fit such locks constitutes a breach of licence conditions and therefore an offence<\/strong>, precisely because they are required for occupier safety. The Tribunal did not criticise, qualify, or question that requirement in any way. Against that settled position, the City of Lincoln Council now seeks to impose a condition which would require the removal or prohibition of a thumb-turn lock on a communal room. That is not merely inconsistent with Tribunal-recognised licensing practice: it would compel the licence holder to act <strong data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1369\">contrary to the statutory safety logic of the Housing Act 2004<\/strong>, increase risk to occupiers, and undermine a measure whose absence has been treated by a Tribunal as unlawful. A licensing authority cannot lawfully require a licence holder to remove a recognised safety feature whose absence constitutes a breach. The condition therefore requires unlawful conduct and must be <strong data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"1702\">struck out in full<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2125\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"3251\" data-end=\"3520\">.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3522\" data-end=\"3525\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3527\" data-end=\"3591\"><strong data-start=\"3531\" data-end=\"3591\">Departure From Lawful Practice Toward Unlawful Overreach<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3593\" data-end=\"3626\">It is particularly striking that:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3798\">\n<li data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3714\">\n<p data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3714\">The <strong data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3677\">previous licence for this same property<\/strong> contained no such requirement; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3715\" data-end=\"3798\">\n<p data-start=\"3717\" data-end=\"3798\">The layout, use, and management of the communal room have not materially changed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"3883\">The only change is the Council\u2019s <strong data-start=\"3833\" data-end=\"3865\">attempt to extend its powers<\/strong> in a way that is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"4049\">\n<li data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3917\">\n<p data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3917\">Not grounded in legislation;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3918\" data-end=\"3960\">\n<p data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"3960\">Not supported by fire-safety guidance;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3961\" data-end=\"4001\">\n<p data-start=\"3963\" data-end=\"4001\">Not aligned with national standards;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4002\" data-end=\"4049\">\n<p data-start=\"4004\" data-end=\"4049\">Not justified by evidence or risk assessment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4051\" data-end=\"4258\">This suggests a shift away from lawful, standardised licensing practice into an area of <strong data-start=\"4139\" data-end=\"4175\">unwarranted regulatory overreach<\/strong>, precisely the kind of scenario in which the Tribunal has historically intervened.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4260\" data-end=\"4263\" \/>\n<ul data-start=\"4833\" data-end=\"5025\">\n<li data-start=\"4990\" data-end=\"5025\">\n<p data-start=\"4992\" data-end=\"5025\">\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"16193\" data-end=\"16196\" \/>\n<blockquote data-start=\"16979\" data-end=\"17101\">\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"96\">Final Cumulative Conclusion \u2014 The Condition Must Be Struck Out (Too Many Independent Reasons)<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"98\" data-end=\"560\">The Applicant respectfully submits that the lock-removal condition cannot lawfully stand. The reasons are cumulative, mutually reinforcing, and independently decisive. Put simply: <strong data-start=\"278\" data-end=\"366\">there are too many separate legal and practical defects for the condition to survive<\/strong>. If the Tribunal is not with the Applicant on one ground, then it must be with the Applicant on the next \u2014 and so on \u2014 because each ground, by itself, is sufficient to strike the condition out.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"1163\"><strong data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"571\">First<\/strong>, the condition is <strong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"605\">ultra vires<\/strong>. The statutory licensing power under <strong data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"672\">ss.64\u201367 Housing Act 2004<\/strong> is not a free-standing discretion to prohibit anything an officer dislikes. It allows conditions only insofar as they are <strong data-start=\"795\" data-end=\"839\">appropriate, necessary and proportionate<\/strong> to secure the HMO\u2019s suitability and safe management. A condition compelling the removal of a <strong data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"996\">lawful, fire-compliant, keyless-egress thumb-turn mechanism<\/strong> has <strong data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1024\">no statutory anchor<\/strong> and does not advance any statutory aim. If the condition is not struck out on that basis alone, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1702\"><strong data-start=\"1165\" data-end=\"1175\">Second<\/strong>, the condition is <strong data-start=\"1194\" data-end=\"1262\">not supported by fire safety law or by the licensing regulations<\/strong>. The relevant statutory requirement is that doors on relevant routes must be openable <strong data-start=\"1349\" data-end=\"1405\">easily and immediately from the inside without a key<\/strong>; a thumb-turn is the canonical mechanism that achieves exactly that. The Council\u2019s condition does not improve fire safety; it <strong data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1573\">dismantles a compliant safety feature<\/strong>. If it is not struck out for lack of legislative basis and fire-safety justification, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"2369\"><strong data-start=\"1704\" data-end=\"1713\">Third<\/strong>, the condition is <strong data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1789\">positively contrary to safety and safeguarding duties<\/strong>. HMOs inherently carry foreseeable risks of conflict, intimidation and violence; this is squarely within the harm-prevention logic of <strong data-start=\"1924\" data-end=\"1933\">HHSRS<\/strong> and within the manager\u2019s duty under <strong data-start=\"1970\" data-end=\"2028\">Regulation 4(3) of the HMO Management Regulations 2006<\/strong> to take reasonably required measures to protect occupiers from injury. Removing a thumb-turn lock removes a proven protective control and makes the property <strong data-start=\"2186\" data-end=\"2199\">less safe<\/strong>, particularly for women and other vulnerable occupiers. If it is not struck out for undermining statutory safeguarding duties, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2886\"><strong data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2381\">Fourth<\/strong>, the condition is <strong data-start=\"2400\" data-end=\"2442\">irrational and Wednesbury unreasonable<\/strong>. It pursues no coherent statutory purpose, is unsupported by any recorded risk assessment, and is imposed despite there being no allegation that the lock has ever impeded escape, caused danger, or obstructed any route. A condition that increases risk, undermines management duties, and is unsupported by evidence is the textbook definition of irrationality. If it is not struck out for irrationality, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2888\" data-end=\"3579\"><strong data-start=\"2888\" data-end=\"2897\">Fifth<\/strong>, the condition is <strong data-start=\"2916\" data-end=\"2938\">self-contradictory<\/strong> because it prevents the licence holder from complying with other duties the Council itself insists upon, including proactive management of anti-social behaviour and nuisance. Noise, crowding, and sleep disturbance are recognised hazards under HHSRS and are common HMO management risks. The thumb-turn lock is a practical, proportionate management tool to prevent late-night disorder, overcrowding of the lounge, and nuisance to other tenants and neighbours \u2014 all while maintaining keyless egress. Removing it makes compliance harder, not easier. If it is not struck out for internal contradiction, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"4495\"><strong data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3590\">Sixth<\/strong>, the condition unlawfully destroys <strong data-start=\"3626\" data-end=\"3657\">lawful room-use flexibility<\/strong> that is inherent in the statutory design of HMO regulation and explicitly recognised in amenity standards. The Housing Act 2004 is outcome-based: it requires adequate amenity and suitability, not rigid room labels. The Council\u2019s own approach recognises multiple rooms as capable of lawful designation as sleeping or communal space. The lock-removal condition unlawfully converts the property into a single point of failure and forces unstable outcomes: inability to close the room for repairs, deep cleaning, pest control, emergencies, or temporary reconfiguration \u2014 with avoidable decants and disruptions as the only alternative. A condition that makes lawful management impracticable is outside proper licensing powers. If it is not struck out for destroying necessary management flexibility, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4497\" data-end=\"4978\"><strong data-start=\"4497\" data-end=\"4508\">Seventh<\/strong>, the condition is technically and structurally unsound. The door is a fire-resisting set; \u201cremoving the lock\u201d is not a trivial act and risks compromising certification, increasing cost and introducing non-compliance risk for no safety benefit. A technically vague, structurally harmful and operationally destructive condition is not a proper use of s.67 powers. If it is not struck out for practical and technical incoherence, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4980\" data-end=\"5657\"><strong data-start=\"4980\" data-end=\"4990\">Eighth<\/strong>, the condition is unprecedented and inconsistent with historic licensing practice. It was absent from the prior licence for this property; absent from other licences held by the Applicant; and absent from ordinary licensing practice generally. There has been no change in law, no change in guidance, and no material change in risk that could justify the sudden introduction of a novel prohibition. This inconsistency is legally instructive: the most plausible reason it is not ordinarily imposed is because authorities recognise it has no proper legal basis. If it is not struck out for inconsistency and lack of precedent, it must be struck out for the next reason.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5659\" data-end=\"6563\"><strong data-start=\"5659\" data-end=\"5685\">Ninth \u2014 and decisively<\/strong> \u2014 Tribunal authority itself demonstrates that the Council\u2019s position is untenable. In <strong data-start=\"5772\" data-end=\"5831\"><em data-start=\"5774\" data-end=\"5829\">Chowdhury v London Borough of Brent (10 Uxendon Hill)<\/em><\/strong>, the Tribunal recorded and proceeded upon a lawful licence condition requiring <strong data-start=\"5911\" data-end=\"5945\">thumb-turn locks <\/strong>to be fitted <strong data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"5995\">to the communal living room door<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"6000\" data-end=\"6023\">to the kitchen door<\/strong>. The Tribunal upheld enforcement on the basis that such safety conditions are mandatory and enforceable. It follows that a licensing authority cannot lawfully demand the opposite.\u00a0 A condition that compels the removal of a Tribunal-recognised safety measure is not merely questionable: it is <strong data-start=\"6430\" data-end=\"6452\">legally incoherent<\/strong>. If it is not struck out on every ground above, it must be struck out on this Tribunal-authority ground alone.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6565\" data-end=\"7140\"><strong data-start=\"6565\" data-end=\"6574\">Tenth<\/strong>, the cumulative case is now so overwhelming, and the legal defects so self-evident from the documents and statutory framework, that this issue does not realistically require detailed oral exploration at a hearing. The Tribunal can determine, simply by reading the licence condition, the governing legislation, and the supporting materials, that the condition is unlawful, irrational, and inconsistent with the statutory scheme and Tribunal-recognised practice. The proper course is therefore for the condition to be <strong data-start=\"7091\" data-end=\"7119\">struck out on the papers<\/strong> on this point alone.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7142\" data-end=\"7609\">For all these reasons \u2014 and any one of them is sufficient \u2014 the lock-removal condition is <strong data-start=\"7232\" data-end=\"7472\">ultra vires, irrational, unsupported by any safety requirement, contrary to safeguarding and management duties, inconsistent with amenity standards, operationally destructive, and incompatible with Tribunal-recognised licensing practice<\/strong>. The Tribunal is therefore respectfully invited to conclude that the condition cannot lawfully stand and must be <strong data-start=\"7586\" data-end=\"7608\">struck out in full<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1378\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4208\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GROUND\u00a0 \u2013 Condition Requiring Removal of the Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room Door is Ultra Vires,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22391","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room - Areton<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"GROUND\u00a0 \u2013 Condition Requiring Removal of the Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room Door is Ultra Vires,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Areton\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aretonEU\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-11T19:22:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"29 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/\",\"name\":\"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room - Areton\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-11T10:42:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-11T19:22:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/\",\"name\":\"Areton LTD\",\"description\":\"Organic Skin Care &amp; Hair Care Products\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Areton\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo.png\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Areton\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aretonEU\/\"],\"email\":\"info@areton-ltd.com\",\"telephone\":\"+44 7830 885825\",\"legalName\":\"Aretom LTD\",\"vatID\":\"09397231\",\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/about-us\/\",\"ownershipFundingInfo\":\"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/about-us\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room - Areton","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room","og_description":"GROUND\u00a0 \u2013 Condition Requiring Removal of the Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room Door is Ultra Vires,","og_url":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/","og_site_name":"Areton","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aretonEU\/","article_modified_time":"2026-01-11T19:22:31+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tiempo de lectura":"29 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/","url":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/","name":"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room - Areton","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-12-11T10:42:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-11T19:22:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/thumb-turn-lock-on-the-ground-floor-communal-living-room\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Thumb-Turn Lock on the Ground Floor Communal Living Room"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/","name":"Areton LTD","description":"Organic Skin Care &amp; Hair Care Products","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#organization","name":"Areton","url":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/logo.png","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Areton"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/aretonEU\/"],"email":"info@areton-ltd.com","telephone":"+44 7830 885825","legalName":"Aretom LTD","vatID":"09397231","publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/about-us\/","ownershipFundingInfo":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/about-us\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22391"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22471,"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22391\/revisions\/22471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/areton-ltd.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}